Dental erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] in a sample of patients referred to the Motahari clinic, Shiraz, Iran

Statement of Problem: Systematic reviews of the literature show that the dental erosion is associated with the gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD]. The prevalence of the problem may not be exclusively similar in different countries

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [GERD] with dental erosion in a sample of Iranian population regarding the standing difference in the Iranian oral hygiene and diet

Materials and Method: 140 patients with the average age of 30 to 50 years old comprised the study group. The participants were already eligible for the endoscopy examination, diagnosed by their gastroenterologist. All patients completed a detailed questionnaire regarding the medical and dental situations. After completing the questionnaire and before endoscopy, dental examination was performed by two blinded dentists. The endoscopy was then performed by a gastroenterologist and the patients were divided into three groups of healthy, suspected to GERD, and positive GERD. Data were collected and analysed by Chi- Square test. The cross tabulation test was performed to compare the qualitative variants and discover the correlations. The statistical significance was adopted as p < 0.05

Results: The prevalence of dental erosion in GERD patients [22.6%] was found to be higher than the suspected [5.3%] and the healthy [7%] individuals

Conclusion: This study declared the GERD patients are at higher risk of developing dental erosion compared to the healthy individuals in a sample of Iranian population

[ effect of different light curing units and composite thicknesses on the shear bond strength]

Development of new composite resins is one of the most important technological advances in the field of cosmetic dentistry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of different light curing units and composite thicknesses on the shear bond strength composite to dentin. In this experimental in-vitro study, the test groups were composed of 80 dentinal samples, prepared on occlusal surfaces of 80 maxillary premolar teeth and routinely divided into 8 groups of 10. Two cylindrical molds [2×2 and 2×5 mm] were filled in bulk using P60 and Ceram X composites and light cured with LED and QTH light curing units .After curing and 3 months aging in 37 degree water, shear bond strength of all samples were obtained using a universal testing machine with 1mm/min crosshead speed. One- and three-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS software. The highest mean of shear bond strength [31.75 MPa] was in group [P60, QTH, 2] and the lowest [15.34 MPa] was recorded in [Ceram X, LED, 5]. Type and thickness of composites had significant effects on the value of shear bond strength and no significant differences were obtained between two light curing units. The shear bond strengths of P60 and CeramX composites tested were much lower when cured in a 5-mm than in a 2-mm increment. The two types of light curing units tested did not show any significant differences in the amount of shear bond strengths

[Effect of stress induced by epinephrine and cortisol injection on orexin secretion in male rats fed with different levels of their energy requirement]

Orexin is a potent orexigenic agent in rodents and humans. Some research shows that orexin participates in the adaptive response to weight loss and its levels rise with dieting. On the other hand, weight loss and fasting is accompanied by increased levels of epinephrine and cortisol. In this study we investigated the effects of epinephrine [EN] and cortisol on fastinginduced orexin secretion in rats fed different levels of their energy requirements. Forty-five male wistar rats [300-350 g, 15 per group] were fed a diet containing 100%, 50% and 25% of their energy requirement for 10 days, rats were anesthetized following 48 hour prolonged fasting and then cannulated in the carotid artery for drug injection and blood sampling. Animals were divided into 3 treatment groups that received either [3 micro g/Kg BW] EN, cortisol or a combination of those two [0.1 mg in 1 ml of PBS]. Orexin and glucose levels were analyzed before [time 0], and 30, 60 and 120 min after injection. In the 50% and 100% food restricted groups, fasting orexin levels fell after EN and the combination of EN and cortisol injection respectively [p o.o5]. These results indicate that injection of EN suppresses starvation-induced secretion of orexin in normal [100%] and starved [50%] rats, and that orexin secretion response to EN might be affected by weight loss.

[ comparison of fracture resistance of zirconia copings made with CAD/CAM technology and slip casting technique]

Statement of Problem: Zirconia has been introduced as an appropriate structure for fabricating metal free copings. A major advantage of such restorations is esthetic concerns; however, due to its high strength, zirconia can also be used in posterior areas. One of the recent methods of making these restorations is CAD/CAM machines

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of zirconia copings fabricated by two methods, CAD/CAM and slip casting

Materials and Method: 32 brass dies were fabricated for this study and divided into two groups of 16 dies each. Zirconia copings were made by CAD/CAM machine for one group and by slip casting method for the other. The copings were cemented to dies by a resin-modified glass ionomer [GC plus]. A hardened steel ball with a diameter of 5 mm was used to apply the load to the copings in the long axis of the dies at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Then the amount of force needed to fracture each coping was recorded. Independent Sample T-test was used to compare the two groups

Results: The average of fracture resistance for the CAD/CAM group was 1411+/- 424 N and for the slip cast group it was 1542+/-412 N, having no significant difference [p > 0.05]

Conclusion: Zirconia copings made by CAD/CAM and slip casting methods have no significant difference in fracture resistance

[Shear bond strength of MTA to composite resin in comparison with glass ionomer]

Nowadays, MTA has numerous clinical applications because of desirable properties. Many teeth which are treated by MTA need final composite restorations. In this situation, the bonding between composite and MTA has the main role in retention, durability and seal of the restoration. Evaluation of the bond strength between MTA and composite resin and its comparison with Resin Modified Glass Ionmoer [RMGI]. Sixty specimens were prepared for three experimental groups of white MTSA, gray MTA, and glass ionomer Fuji II LC. Ten specimens in each group were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for evaluation of the etching effect while ten speicments were not etched. All specimens were then bonded to the composite and shear bond strength test was performed, using Instron testing machine. In addition, the fractured surfaces of the samples were checked with stereomicroscope [x10]. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. The highest shear bond strength value was seen in unetched glass ionomer subgroup and there were significant differences in shear bond strength of the composite to unetched glass ionomer in comparison with the other groups [p<0.001]. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength of the composite to etched and unetched white MTA, etched and unetched gray MTA, and etched glass ionomer [p > 0.05]. Shear bond strengthe between MTA and the composite is comparable with etched glass ionomer. The etching of the RMGI surface causes as significant decrease of bond strength to the composite but it has no effect on the bond strength of MTA to Composite

Comparison of enzyme immunoassay, immunochromatography, and RNA-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis for diagnosis of rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis

Human rotavirus is a major etiologic agent for infantile diarrhea worldwide. It is responsible for up to 3.3 million deaths per year in children in developing countries. Various rapid and sensitive techniques have been developed to readily diagnose rotavirus gastroenteritis. In the present study, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of immunochromatography and RNA-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis [PAGE] methods with enzyme immunoassay [EIA] for diagnosis of group A rotavirus infection in 200 stool samples from children younger than 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was detected in 57 [28.5%] samples by EIA, 52 [26%] samples by ICG and 52 [26%] samples by RNA-PAGE. There was no significant difference between the three methods [P=0.8] nor between EIA and ICG [P=0.57] and EIA and RNA-PAGE [P=0.57]. Furthermore, in comparing these methods with age variables, the present study found that the sensitivity and specificity of ICG and RNA-PAGE compared with EIA were 87.7%, 98.6% and 91.2%, and 100%, respectively [P>0.05]. Results of the present study demonstrate that the sensitivity and specificity rates for ICG and RNA-PAGE were as high as EIA. It seems that all the three methods are reliable and suitable for detection of group A rotavirus infection in children affected by enteric diseases

[Evaluation of family training effect on salivary cortisol and behavioral symptoms in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorder]

Association between biological factors and disruptive behaviors in children and adolescents is important to investigate. Antisocial, aggressive and delinquent behaviors in adults often begin early in life. Basal cortisol is a valuable biological characteristic of children with disruptive behavior disorder [DBD]. In this study the effect of family training on basal salivary cortisol in children with DBD was investigated. This is a clinical trial study. Basal salivary cortisol levels were studied in 19 children between 8-13 years old with DBD, before and 2 months after treatment [family training]. The disruptive behavior of the child was assessed with child behavior checklist [CBCL]. Before and after treatment cortisol levels and score of behavior were compared. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired T test and pearson correlation. Salivary cortisol before family training was 7.9 +/- 4.6 nmol/L and after that was 10.46 +/- 3.84 nmol/L which was significantly different [p<0.001]. Behavior score before treatment was 72.05 +/- 10.10 and after that was 49.361 +/- 1.89 that was also significantly different [p<0.0001]. Children with lower basal salivary cortisol had a better response to intervention. Parent training is an effective method for behavioral modification in DBD. Salivary cortisol can be considered as a predictive factor for severity of disruptive behavior, also the response to parent training in children with DBD

[Evaluating changes of Function class, electrocardiography and echocardiography before and after biventricular pacing]

Background: Based on the studies which have been done till now, resynchronization of ventricular contraction results in clinical improvement in patients who suffer from moderate to severe heart failure with intraventricular conduction disturbance. and using this method is increasing in our country. Study in this filed seems to be necessary

Material and methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with advanced heart failure, NYHA Class III and IV, LV ejection fraction [EF]/= 120 were studied before and 3 months after CRT. Mean age was 60, 57 and 8 patients with NYHA class III and IV respectively. All patients received furosemide, spironolactone, carvedilol, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II -receptors blockers at the optimal tolerated dosage. Mean LVEF was 20.83%. Echocardiographic [Tissue Doppler Imaging], ECG and Function class [NYHA] were assessed at baseline before implantation and 3 months after

Result: LV ejection fraction increased +6.8% [21.10 +/- 7 vs. 27.93 +/- 8.4%, P<0.001]. Mitral valve regurgitation severity reduced [P<0.013]. Interventricular mechanical delay reduced [53.83ms +/- 18.45 vs. 26.53ms +/- 13.90 P = 0.000] and also Intra ventricular mechanical delay reduced [62.53ms +/- 25.08 vs. 45.55ms +/- 13.47, P = 0.000]. Dilated cardiomyopathic group has more mean changes in LVEF than Ischemic group [+9.06% +/- 7.3 vs. +4.08% +/- 6.5, P = 0.01]

Conclusion: Biventricular pacing results in significant clinical improvement in patients who have moderate to severe heart failure

Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a review

During the last two decades, magnetic resonance imaging has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of multiple sclerosis. MRI, both conventional and non conventional methods, has transformed all aspects of MS research and clinical practice in recent years. Although advanced imaging methods have added much more to our knowledge about pathogenesis and natural history of the disease but their cost, availability, complexity and lack of validation have limited their use in routine clinical practice. Conventional MR techniques including proton density, T1/T2-Weighted images and fluid- attenuated inversion recovery sequences are now accepted in standard protocols for diagnosis and treatment outcome measures in clinical trials of multiple sclerosis. This review will focus on the type, morphology and evolution of MS lesions regarding conventional MRI and their use for treatment monitoring in daily clinical practice

Composite shear bond strength to dry and wet enamel with three self-etch adhesive

The bonding mechanisms of self etching primers, based upon the simultaneous etching and priming of dentin, simplifies the bonding technique, but the efficiency of these systems is still controversial. This study compared the shear bond strength of three self etch adhesive systems in dry and wet conditions. In this experimental study, 77 intact bovine lower incisors with flat 600 grit sanded enamel surface were fixed in acrylic molds and divided into 7 groups, of 11 teeth. The enamel surfaces were treated according to a special procedure as follows: Group 1: Prompt L-Pop [PLP] in dry condition, Group 2: Prompt L-Pop in wet condition, Group 3: Clearfield SE Bond [CSEB] in dry condition, Group 4: Clearfield SE Bond in wet condition, Group 5: iBond [iB] in dry condition, Group 6: iBond in wet condition, Group 7: Margin Bond [Control] in dry condition. Surfaces were air dried for ten seconds, or blot dried in wet condition. Composite resin was bonded on the enamel and built up by applying a cylindric teflon split mold [4 mm height 2mm diameter]. After 24 hours storage in dionized water at room temperature, all specimens were thermocycled and shear bond test was employed by a universal testing machine [Instron] with a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. The shear bond strength was recorded in MPa and data were analyzed with ANOVA and Scheffe statistical tests. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The mode of failure was examined under a stereomicroscope. 1- Shear bond strength of CSEB in dry condition [21.5 +/- 4.8 MPa] was significantly higher than PLP and iB groups [p<0.0001]. 2- Shear bond strength of iB and PLP groups in dry condition [9.60 +/- 2.2, 9.49 +/- 3 MPa] were significantly lower than CSEB and control [2.99 +/- 5.1 MPa] [P<0.0001]. 3- There was no significant difference between PLP and iB groups in dry condition [P=1]. 4- Shear bond strength of CSEB in wet condition [21.8 +/- 3 MPa] was significantly higher than PLP and iB groups [P=0.0]. 5- Shear bond strength of CSEB [10.8 +/- 3 MPa] and PLP [10.6 +/- 4 MPa] in wet condition were significantly lower than CSEB and Control groups [P=0.0]. 6- There was no significant difference between PLP and iB groups in wet condition [P=0.99]. 7- Shear bond strength of the three adhesives had no significant difference in dry and wet conditions [PLP: P= 0.53, CSEB: P= 0.84, iB: P= 0.53]. The mode of failure in two groups of PLP and two groups of iB was predominantly in the adhesive bond and in the two groups of CSEB, mixed failure [adhesive with cohesive in composite] was predominantly observed. CSEB had higher while iB and PLP showed lower bond strength to ground enamel. The three self-etch adhesives in this study did not show technique sensitivity to wet and dry enamel

Head and neck posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders [PTLD]: a literature review

Nowadays transplantation is widely used to manage end organ failure, the way that saves patient's lives and increases their survival rate. But it has some complications such as posttransplant malignancies; one of them is posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder [PTLD]. PTLD is more prevalent in children than in adults and it occurs from months to years after transplantation with the peak of 3-7 months. The incidence of PTLD after heart-lung transplantation is the most [9.4%] and after kidney transplantation is the least [1%]. The common sites of PTLD involvement include abdominal region [32%], bone marrow [25%] and other sites including head and neck [43%]. PTLD is related with immunosuppression caused by administration of immunosuppressive agents and is mostly accompanied by the proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus. Clinical presentation of PTLD varies from a self limiting mononucleosis to a generalized lymphoid infiltration or even a lymphoma. Management of PTLD includes reduction of immunosuppression, using anti CD20 antibody, antiviral drugs, chemothrapy and radiotherapy which are not so efficient. It's prognosis is poor and has 54% mortality rate. Clinical features of PTLD in head and neck region are cervical lymphadenopathy, generalized gingival hyperplasia with erythema, swelling, cyanotic foci and chronic mucosal ulcers; so this neccessitizes referring of a patient with such signs and symptoms or other suspicious conditions in the head and neck to a dentist for early diagnosis and biopsy. This article reviews PTLD with emphasis on oral manifestations and head and neck involvement

[ invitro evaluation of the impact of acid food- simulating liquids on surface characteristics [roughness- hardness] of two composites and one polyacidmodified composite [compomer]]

Background: The clinical use of composite and polyacid modified composite restorative materials has greatly increased over the last few years. The chemical environment is one aspect of the oral environment which could have influenced the degradation of composite resins. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of acid food-simulating liquids on surface characteristics [Roughness and Hardness] of two composites and one polyacid modified composite

Materials and Methods: Twenty disks of each material [Composites Z250 and Heliomolar] and Compomer [Compoglass] were prepared [a total of 60 experimental specimens]. Half of them were used for microhardness testing and the remaining half for studying surface roughness by using Roughness tester. Each group of 30 disks was divided into two subgroups of 9 and one subgroup of 12 disks, the samples were then conditioned for one week as follows: sub groups 1 [control], 12 disk: distilled water at 37°c, sub groups 2, 9 disks: citric acid 0.02n at 37°c, sub groups 3, 9 disks: lactic acid 0.02n at 37°c. The data were analyzed using two- way ANOVA, Tukey- HSD and Tamhan test

Results: No Significant changes in the surface hardness were noted with conditioning at Z250, Heliomolar and Compoglass in distilled- water and citric acid, but in lactic acid, the surface hardness of Z250 was more than that of Compoglass while the surface hardness of Heliomolar was similar to Compoglass

Conclusion: Roughness Average [RA] and surface-hardness of all the evaluated restoratives was not significantly affected by acid food- simulating liquids

common antigen between candida albicans and salmonella C

Cross-reactivity between Candida albicans and Salmonella C1 has been reported. To investigate the nature of this common antigen, antibody against the surface antigens of both organisms was raised in rabbits. Double diffusion and electroimmunodiffusion tests showed that anti-Salmonella sera had antibody against the soluble antigens of C. albicans. Mannan was extracted from Salmonella montevideo [isolated from a patient in Shiraz], which gave lines of identity with mannan from C. albicans in a double diffusion test. We therefore believe that the common antigen of C. albicans and Salmonella C1 is the surface antigen mannan